Mesothelioma Lung Cancer Asbestos can cause lung cancer, asbestosis and mesothelioma. Most cases of mesothelioma begin in the lung. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rarer form of mesothelioma that begins in the abdominal linings. Mesothelioma is a type of cancer that is caused by the uncontrolled growth of cells. Patients